DNA-Damage:

The major photoproducts following the absorption of UVR by DNA are pyrimidine derivatives (Errera 1952). These photoproducts are cyclobutyl-type dimers ('pyrimidine dimers'), pyrimidine adducts ('spore photoproducts'), pyrimidine hydrates and DNA-protein crosslinks (Patrick and Rahn 1976).

• DNA (skin cancer)
  Action Spectrum E_biol(sh,O₃) RAF (O₃, sh)
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.09-1.22
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: Setlow, R.B., 1974: The wavelengths in sunlight effective in producing skin cancer: A theoretical analysis. Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci., U.S.A. 71:3363-3366.
  Source: R.B. Setlow, private comm..
  Internal: actionspectra, x.op.

• DNA to protein crosslinks
  Action SpectrumE_biol(sh,O₃) RAF (O₃, sh)
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.09-1.18
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: M.J. Peak and J.G. Peak, "DNA-to-protein crosslinks and backbone breaks caused by far- and near-ultraviolet, and visible radiations in mammalian cells". In Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair. Implications for Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment, (Edited by M.G. Simic, L. Grossman and A.C. Upton), pp 193-202, Plenum Press, New York, 1986
  Source:
  Internal: actionspectra, x.op.

• DNA breaks
  Action SpectrumE_biol(sh,O₃) RAF (O₃, sh)
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.09-1.18
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: M.J. Peak, J.G. Peak and B.A. Carnes, "Introduction of direct and indirect single-strand breaks in human cell DNA by far- and near-ultraviolet radiations: Action spectrum and mechanisms." Photocem. Photobiol., 45, pp.381-387, 1987
  Source:
  Internal: actionspectra, x.op.

• DNA (TAN)
  Action Spectrum
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.09-1.18
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.:
  Source: xxx from Ref.[03.035][UV437]
  Internal: actionspectra_6_DNA, teil_DNA.opj

• DNA (Quaite)
  Action Spectrum
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.09-1.18
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.:
  Source: Buma [03.040]
  Internal: actionspectra_6_DNA, teil_DNA.opj

• DNA (Quaite-Musil)
  Action Spectrum
  Info: DNA damage in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seedlings (Quaite et al. 1992) as formulated by Musil (1995) extrapolated at wavelength longer than 366nm.
  Altitude factor: 1.xx-1.xx
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: Quaite FE, Sutherland BM, Sutherland JC (1992) Action spectrum for DNA damage in alfalfa lowers predicted impact of ozone depletion. Nature 358: 576-578
  Musil CF (1995) Differential effects of elevated ultraviolet-B radiation on the photochemical and reproductive performances of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous arid-environment ephemerals. Plant Cell Environ 18: 844-854
  Source: S.Flint privat comm.
  Internal: actionspectra_6_DNA, teil_DNA.op

• DNA (Buma)
  Action Spectrum
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.09-1.18
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: Buma
  Source: xxx from Ref [03.040]
  Internal: actionspectra_6_DNA, teil_DNA.opj

• DNA Inhibition of synthesis (Johnson)
  Action Spectrum
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.xx-1.xx
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: JOHNSON B.E.,FORMATION OF THYMINE CONTAINING DIMERS IN SKIN EXPOSED TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, BULLETIN DU CANCER :65(1978)3 :283-298
  Source: Tabled from Ref [03.044][UV66]
  Internal: actionspectra_6_DNA, teil_DNA.opj

• DNA dimer induction (Johnson)
  Action Spectrum
  Info:
  Altitude factor: 1.xx-1.xx
  Treshold Dose H_T:
  Radiation:xxx Loc.: xxxxxx Vol.: xxx
  Ref.: JOHNSON B.E.,FORMATION OF THYMINE CONTAINING DIMERS IN SKIN EXPOSED TO ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, BULLETIN DU CANCER :65(1978)3 :283-298
  Source: Tabled from Ref [03.044][UV66]
  Internal: actionspectra_6_DNA, teil_DNA.op.